Rotary machine



Oct. '28, 1930- o. R. P. BERGLUND 1,780,109 ROTARY MACHINE,

Filed April 27 s Sheets-Sheet. 1'

Oct-28, 1930. o. R." P. BERGLUND ROTARY MACHINE Filed April 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet, 2

Oct. 28, 1930. O BERGLUND 1,780,109

ROTARY MACHINE Filed April 27, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet. 3

with etner,--hnt=tl e coverqilateca which,

Patented Oct. 28, 1930 v UNITED :mr E-s earner to ozr'ro 301mm v- PERcI AL ,BnnG UNn, on LInIneo- REv ,gswnnnn, msslqnonno AxTInBoLAGnr tvncuumroo grrnnsson, OF srrooxnqnm, A Q PA I F SWEDEN .lioml QHI n li ti nlede nr e7, 1932, SerialNo. 273,404, and n-sweaen -May 1 1, 19 27 The present invention comprises a rotary machine seni cezible as a in otor; pump or com- :pressor,oithe-type-whereth principala'ctive members consist of two concentric 13 arts fixedlyarrangedrelatively to each other andaof an iennu'lar pis'ton which is mov able: eccentrically melatix ely-to'the concentric parts and tightens against the latter said piston being proi i'ded with: acoverplate-bearingtightly against the edgeso-fthe concentric parts cooperatingwith the piston, said cover plate having such an eXt-ension that the plate vi-ll be constantly situated with ts circumference outside the inner-side oi' the outer 'onefoi' the twoeoncentricgnenlbers.

1i iis kind of machinefas in retary machines generally, -the-main condition for obtaining a calculated efficiencyisgthatefiec tiveti hteningshall prevail he't-ween the'parts anon-able-relatively to each other. f l hus, a

tight 'hoiild be --eifeeted in ;themaehine in qiiestion,,--net -cnly--between the eccentrically inevahle piston andthe concentri member's the places Where the-latter "are 1n-contact "ed on;

witli thepistofn'should also-=betightlyly, i r t +bea'ring-snrtaces. e

ii'easnres shoiild also he takento the efiect thatthe high pressureactingon the highgpressure side ofithe pistent-that is-toseyon theone side of *the center, -\f" ll-l)e counteracted-in its tendency to bendithe; cove plate sideways, so that-lit willnot, on the highpressu-re sidefbe ion in-contact with -the concentric ine'in-be-rs, as othenniise remcve'd fronfli s -bearingpos leakage could occur -bet-Ween said membe'rs andthe plate. j I

ffThE conditions for; a tight "fit asset iorth above areinliilled ini simple and entirely satisfactory n1anne1ngthr0ugh the arrangement according to the present invention hroughont, ail is atbr-inging abouflii really eireetive. tightening ofethe motcr,::.to obta n an eiiiciency. iasipossible.

Pr iarilx za the 1 innentioni relates etc can or rez gelnentovhereby;safe;

" 1 a rediel 3 1 eomhi ts incontac 4 ldii ibet, e zith n r and tighteningeis e'fiect- V of theipiston and the concentricparts. I ZEhis arrangement is principally characterized by the fact that there is provided between the piston and the anemher on which itexerts a driving action, or by which :it is driven, a movable connection ofisuch =a nature that, when a turning moment is producedsbetween the piston and'the drivenor'the driving membergithe.saidconnection will havea displacing action on the piston, so thatit is caused-to bear tightly against the tighteningsurfaces or places. This displacement maybe-effected axially or radially to effect tighteningvin one of these directions or it may take place both axially and radiallytocffectitightening in both directions. i

The arrangement will be described more fully With reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate iattew .embodimentsicf the inventionloy Way of example. 7

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal seetion of =21 rotary machine arranged as 1 a compressor.

Fig. 2 is an endivise 'viewiof thetmachine, one side of the casingandthe piston heing removed.

Fig. 3 is an upper plan view'ofthe machine,

theione side ofthe casing heingremeved.

Fl s. 4:9 represent details of theconnecti'on efiecting displacement of the :piston :into I a I vided' withtwo eccentrically movable pistons.

, 1 designatestheframeof the machine earried :by the ,base plate 2 and; made; egral With the concentric partsf3 sandal. 5;is;the.ec-

centrically movablepiston cooperating with all arranged according to Eig.-zl2;and proi;

the last-mentioned parts, said piston being made integral with the cover plate 6 bearing with the inside tightly against the edges of the arts 3 and i and covering the annular Wor ing space between said parts, no matter what position the piston 5 may assume. 7 is a rigid partition provided between the two parts 3 and 1, said partition entering a cor-. responding axial opening 8 (Fig. 11) in the piston 5. ran ed between the frame 1 and the piston 5 or t e plate 6 respectively, said link guiding the piston duriin its movement and preventing the edges of the piston opening 8 with its tightening strips from being firmly pressed against the partition 7. The side of the frame 1 corresponding to the piston plate 6 is covered by the cover 10, while the opposite side is covered by the cover 11. Provided on the one side of the wall of the partion 7, in the bottom of the annular working space, are openings 12 (Fig. 2) which, when the machine is arranged as a compressor, form inlets for the air. On the opposite side of the partition 7 there are provided outlet openings 3 closed by spring actuated valves 1 which prevent entrance of air from the outside into the working space. Provided in the cover 11 is a space 15 exending over the two valves 14 and the openings 13, said space 15 communicating with the outlet 16. The inlet openings 12 are covered by a space 17 which, likewise, is arranged in the cover 11, and communicates with the inlet 18. It is pre viously known and need not here be described in detail how, the two pairs of inlet and outlet openings 12 and 13 respectively cooperate alternately with the piston 5, so that the supply and the discharge take place into and out of the separated compartments of the working space respectively.

The mechanism forming the principal feature of the invention and which in the embodiment according to the drawing actuates the piston 5 so as to cause it to bear tightly both in the axial and in the radial direction, is arranged in the following manner. A square-head 19 is centrally connected with the pistonand its plate 6 in such a manner as to be uniformly carried with the piston in the movement of the latter. From the opposite sides of thehead 19, guide-wings 20 project obli uely withrespect to the axis of retation. aid guide-wings 20 enter into correspondingly shaped oblique slots 21 (Figs. 7 and 8) in a preferably cylindrical part 22 in such a manner as to be displaceable therein, said part 22 being rigidly connected with the shaft 23, which latter is carried by bearings 24 attachedin the part 25 integral with the frame 1. Threaded onto shaft 23 is a member 26 which is rotatable and displaceable'on the shaft and abuts against the outside of the outer bearing 24. Outside the part 26, a member 28 is threaded onto the 9 is a guiding link movably ar-' shaft 23 and secured by means of a cotter 27. The ends of the parts 28 and 26 directed towards one another are provided with oblique teeth 29 and 30 respectively cooperating in the manner disclosed in Fig. 3. Threaded onto the outside of the part 28 is a'member 31 engaging by means of two diametrically opposed abutments 32 at the inner end of said member into corresponding re cesses 33 provided in the member 26, which is rotatable and dis laceable on shaft 23. Attached to the mem er 31 is a belt'pulley, a toothed wheel or the like, or, the member may be directly coupled to a motor.

' The arrangements last described operate in the following manner: 5

Under the condition set forth above, i. e. the machine operating as a compressor or, if desired, as a puin motive power is transmitted through the elt pulley, toothed wheel or the like connected with the member 31, or from the motor coupled to said member. The member 31 will then rotate in the direction of the arrow 34 in Fig. 1. The member 26 is then entrained in the rotation of member 31. The oblique teeth 29 of the member 26 then actuate the oblique teeth 30 of the member 28 attached to the shaft 23, whereby the latter is displaced longitudinally to the right according to Fig. 1. The member 22 is brought along in the displacement. The engagement between the slots 21 of the member 22 and the guide-wings 20 of the head 19 entering therein, in the first place results in that the piston 5 with its plate 6 is carried along in the displacement, so that the. plate 6 is caused to bear tightly against the corresponding tightenin surfaces of the concentric parts 3 and 4. 'Fhe friction then required between the slot 21 and the guidewings 20 is ensured by a spring 35 inserted into the member 22 and bearing against the head 19. After the cover plate 6 has been brought into ri 'd engagement in the manner described, disp aeement of the shaft 23 continues consequent to the engagement between the oblique teeth 29 and 30, and inasmuch as the piston 5, with the plate 6 bearing tightly against its tightening surfaces, cannot take part in the displacement any longer, this results in that the member 22, while overcoming the friction between its slots 21 and the uide-wings 20, actuates the latter so that t e samewill, through the medium of the head 19, displace the piston 5 radially, that is to say downwards into the position occupied by the piston in Fig. 1, wherebythe piston is caused to bear tightly against the concentric parts 3 and 4 at the bearing points on the latter. Thus the piston 5 and the cover plate 6 have been brought to bear tightly in an axial as well as in a radial direction b means of the movable connection between t e piston and the member driving the same. This tight fit is of course maintained con- .stantly during-thezmoi ementsqoiithe piston and i 'P Q hP1 1 5, EPQ$PC VQ=-0f the ipesilie s occupied by s'them ,during'- these anor .ments.

Thearrangement above descrihedunay also be devisedr-in-anojther sway. llhus, place of the members 29 and eiiectingithedisplacement of the shafh23, .itheremayhe PIO- .vided in ithe shafgt one or ,rmore threads or one. or morehelical slots engaging theidriiven orzthe driving member insuch a manner that thesshaft will, on a turning, moment ;being ;produced, ,be actuated for displacement through the. medium of the 1 helical. slots.

A c rding t Eig ll -tightening strips36 are inserted into; the {edges ;of the interstice '8 ,of the piston 15, saidtightening -stripsl36 bearing, with their iinner iedges directed :-to Wards eachother, against ,both sides of the partition 7 attached between'the concentric I a J On. the --,one side -of the, center the might sideaccording to Big, 1),,a high pressure prevails duringthe operationof the machine, -Whicl1 pressure iiso-gr eater than that prevailing on the opposite side. Therefore, :the cover plate 6 will he actuated from ,within the workingi s pacegonthe high pressure side I in such {manner as to Joe :liaihle to be dis placed-on thehi gh pressure SlQlB' from :the tightening surfaceiagainst 'Which. it is bear- 7 .ing. Ifthis-pressure is al-lowedtoremain,

" provided. a special that is to say, ifitis .notcounteractedinsome way orother, alleak willihe ,producedfatgthe high. pressure. between the} plate ,and its against ;the outsidev of the. plate?6, said bell beingkept inti-ght contact f vvith theplate by.nieansofiaspring 43. According to the position shown in chaindottedlines ,in; Fig.

the bell should -he situated "eccentrically in irelation :to'the plate r6, displa cecl-.-ov er to.

ward the side opposite to .the. high g-pressure side, Hereby the high pressure SldQ -Wlllibfl uncovered to a greater extent than the oppc: site,: sifcle;xwhiehilatteriecoverednveria great ortionhyithdbelli .'lfhe;resultnfsthiszis that balaneing means accord if he c ve ;-plat "3 wwhileryi ldingte ithe l p es ureoni e:highpre suresideei rremeved f m: i s. tight ing "p sitien 9 1121 said;-sid and th -high pressu :by reason j cle kag consequently becomes-active also-9n the outside of theplat-e, thispressure.Williact.onthe uncoveredlargersurfaceof the plate 6, which latter :Wlll thus be moved .rhackdntortighten- Lingposition under-theaction ofithe pressure.

In ;order tolenable effecting ;a temporany iincrease ofthe balancing action last described,

.thebell42 may be movable in a suitable man ner :With respect to the center along thfizQLltside-of the cover plate 6. The-arrangement with the hell ,;can also ;be utilized in 7 other iways is e. so that the :bell-isfilled on the inside With fa high pressure rimediuln, rorlqis evacuated as by-;.a conventional duct leading tethe-discharge oriintake of the-pump, sothat the v lp r essure on the surface .;covered :by the bell can be greater or smaller than the vpressure on the surface surrounding the bell. *flhe pqsition qofthebellrelative' to the center muststhen obviously be usted in e,a ;h particular case.

. Ifdesired, the hellrmay ibe replaced byaa diaphragm mounted on a ring {or the like which issuitahly connected with the easing.v

AccordingtmEigdQ, where themachineis arranged as armotonithegcover;plate ;6.is: pr,0-

I I yided on :the inside ;With :two groove-shaped channels 44 and 45. Channel 44 is earcuate with the same -radius ofI:111Watlilfe as'g-thegp'art 4, and channel 45 has the-sameiradin 10111- vature as th enemberfii {E e-driazingemedi- 11 ic acco ding :to .l-Eig- 513 i supplied thr na i h {tubu h ft'46,: enters ,,the:ce1

ra spa 4 1 1.5 wellqas theeha-mbe t 8 mom municating therewith. A ccording eas :ithe pis onz5 meve teget er with heiplateififlthe h s team 4.5 ;.pr0vided;inthe atter-alter t p iti m a t h @p riedieallyhovered withth yithe me ber 4antl f3v iespeetive y,

to coineclges of zwhiehe heytarezthenaeaus eideand' 150x35 epe iedicai lyieros .the-ssaid same. -:1n th po ion ndie teclibvztheaehain d ttedili e hhin ig- 2, cha ne 44 crosses h lge9 emem r errand-es thenee ituated withiitseo an rith lit-s te her indj within the working space 50. Ghannel.-44 then;mediates/the flow 0f th emed mefremithe ce t al chambe 1 7t t iworkingi peee 5O- -1Qmt-hee me occasion; channel 45. cr0sses the,edgeof mem her M3-iand2enters with Ei S- 0 16 Mind :illD efl e iwerkingsspa e1524mm w a, n tintolrthewh mh lf lsyaan z ediates the m sf ncf-zthe; driving medium from theslat= tergchamber int hthew0rking space52 {Both working spaces 15 0;,&Iljd i52 will thus beipartly' filled :With, drivingzmediumznnderefullepressure, such driving; medium :rth'enmxpanding Withthesameefiect infboth spacesza-nd'escaping, ion; having apenforme'dgthetwork, ithrough,

Gr end awithiilzthe cent -al "spaceeit'l the opening 8 between the end edge of the piston 5 and the wall 7 and, further, out through the opening 53 in the member 3.

Instead of admitting driving medium into the two working spaces under full pressure as described hereinabove, the work of the motor may be performed'on the expansionand compound principle, The inner working space 50 is then cut off outwardly, and the driving medium is admitted under full pressure in the manner previously described, by means ofthe channel l l, and expands to a certain extent within the space. An outlet opening provided in the plate 6 is then uncovered seems to allow the partly expanded driving medium to escape into a chamberoutside the plate 6, whence it enters the outer working space 52, either through the medium of the channel 45 in the manner previously described, or, directthrough an opening in the-plate 6. I Y

Diametrically movable in the crank disk '54 rigidly connectedwith the motor shaft is aslide 55 which is connected with the piston 5 by means of a crank pin 56. Inserted between the slide 55 and a part of the crank disk 54 is a spring 57 actuating the slide 55 and the crank pin connected therewith, in such a manner as to keep the piston pressed constantly, thusalso during the movement of the piston, against the concentric members 3"and4. v

d The direction'of displacement of the slide :55 extends obliquely in relation to the straight line through the center of the crank disk 54 and the crank pin 56, whereby displacement of the'piston is effected toward the points of contact between the same and members 3 and 4.

Fig. 13discloses two motor aggregates arranged in the manner above described,-said motor aggregates being situated beside each other in the axial, direction. The one aggregate is adapted to be displaced axially within the casing 58, it being then possible toap roach the two aggregates in the requisite manner toward each other in the direction of the motor shaft. To promote this adjustmentflhe displaceable aggregate is connected with a diaphragm 59 abutting against the part 33 connected with thecasing 58. The sup ort 33 does not extend' as far out as to the ge attachment 61 of the diaphragm, the latter being free over a certain width inside said attachment'61. The pressure on this uncovered portion 62 and the equally great pressure on'the opposite surface 63 of the motoraggregate situated on the inside balance each other and, consequently, do not bring about any deformation of the dia phragm On the other hand, the pressure prevailing on the inside of said surfaces, which ressure acts upon the diaphragm and its rigidsupport onthe one side, results in that the motor aggregate is displaced inthe actuation of said driving means to axially move said piston and cover to cause them to bear tightly against their respective bearing surfaces.

2. A rotary machine comprising the combination with an annular casing, of a piston eccentrically movable therein and bearing against the inside surface thereof, a cover member carried by said piston and bearing against said casing, driving means, an

means operative upon the actuation of said driving means to axially move said piston and cover to cause them to bear tightly against their respective bearing sur said last named being active upon a continued movement ofsaid driving means tomove said piston and cover radially.

3. A rotary machine comprising the combination with an annular casing of a piston eccentrically movable therein and disposed a ainst the lnner surface thereof, a cover'carried bysaid piston and bearing against the edge of said casing, a drive'shaft and mechanical means comprising a member carried by said shaft active upon a varying movement between said shaft and said cover for causing a correspondingly varying pressure on said disk'to move the disk andpiston axially to bear tightly "against their res'pective bearing surfaces. U

. 4. The invention as set forth in claim 3 wherein said means comprises" a set of cooperating cam surfaces, an intermediate shaft and a air of relatively movable guide surfaces isposed between said intermediate shaft'and said cover.

5. The invention as set forth in claim 3 wherein is provided a cupped member cooperatin wit said casin to enclose said cover, a mem r disposed wit in said cupped member 'eccentrically with respect to said cover and coaxially with respect to said casing and having an annular surface contacting with said cover, and a single spring disposed between said member and coaxially with respect-to said casing for pressing said cover against'said casing.

6. In a rotary machine the combination with. an annular casing of a piston movable surface may be convex or concave, or

member caraces,

therein, and disposed to bear against the inner surfaces of said casing, a cover carried by said piston and disposed to' bear against the casing, a drive shaft and means comprising a mechanical coupling between I said shaft and said piston for axially moving, said piston and'cover to cause them to bearv tightly against their respective bearing surfaces.

7. In a rotary machine the combination With an annular casing of a piston movable therein, and disposed to bear against the in- In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

OTTO ROBERT PERCIVAL BERGLUND. 

